What is the skin?

The skin is that the body’s largest organ, product of water, protein, fats and minerals. Your skin protects your body from germs and regulates vital sign. Nerves within the skin assist you feel sensations like hot and cold.

Your skin, beside your hair, nails, oil glands and sweat glands, is an element of the natural covering (in-TEG-you-MEINT-a-ree) system. “Integumentary” means that a body’s outer covering.

What are the layers of the skin?

Three layers of tissue form up the skin:

Epidermis, the highest layer.

Dermis, the center layer.

Hypodermis, rock bottom or fatty layer.

What will the cuticle (top layer of skin) do?

Your cuticle is that the prime layer of the skin that you just will see and bit. Keratin, a macromolecule within skin cells, makes up the skin cells and, beside different proteins, sticks along to create this layer. The epidermis:

Acts as a protecting barrier: The cuticle keeps microorganism and germs from getting into your body and blood and inflicting infections. It additionally protects against rain, sun and different components.

Makes new skin: The cuticle regularly makes new skin cells. These new cells replace the around forty,000 previous skin cells that your body sheds each day. you’ve got new skin each thirty days.

Protects your body: Langerhans cells within the cuticle square measure a part of the body’s system. they assist fight back germs and infections.

Provides skin color: The cuticle contains animal pigment, the pigment that offers skin its color. the number of animal pigment you’ve got determines the colour of your skin, hair and eyes. those who create additional animal pigment have darker skin and will tan additional quickly.

What will the corium (middle layer of skin) do?

The corium makes up ninetieth of skin’s thickness. This middle layer of skin:

Has albuminoid and elastin: albuminoid may be a macromolecule that creates skin cells robust and resilient. Another macromolecule found within the corium, elastin, keeps skin versatile. It additionally helps stretched skin regain its form.

Grows hair: The roots of hair follicles attach to the corium.

Keeps you in touch: Nerves within the corium tell you once one thing is just too hot to the touch, unquiet or super soft. These nerve receptors additionally assist you feel pain.

Makes oil: Oil glands within the corium facilitate keep the skin soft and swish. Oil additionally prevents your skin from interesting an excessive amount of water after you swim or get caught in a very storm.

Produces sweat: Sweat glands within the corium unleash sweat through skin pores. Sweat helps regulate your vital sign.

Supplies blood: Blood vessels within the corium offer nutrients to the cuticle, keeping the skin layers healthy.

What is the bottom layer of skin do?

The bottom layer of skin, or layer, is that the fatty layer. The hypodermis:

Cushions muscles Associate in Nursingd bones: Fat within the layer protects muscles and bones from injuries after you fall or square measure in an accident.

Has connective tissue: This tissue connects layers of skin to muscles and bones.

Helps the nerves and blood vessels: Nerves and blood vessels within the corium (middle layer) get larger within the layer. These nerves and blood vessels vary to attach the layer to the remainder of the body.

Regulates body temperature: Fat within the layer keeps you from obtaining too cold or hot.

What conditions and disorders have an effect on the skin?

As the body’s external protection system, your skin is in danger for numerous issues. These include:

Allergies like dermatitis and poison Hedera helix rashes.

Blisters.

Bug bites, like spider bites, tick bites and dipteran bites.

Skin cancer, as well as malignant melanoma.

Skin infections like redness.

Skin rashes and dry skin.

Skin disorders like skin condition, eczema, disease of the skin and skin disease.

Skin lesions, like moles, freckles and skin tags.

Wounds, burns (including sunburns) and scars.

What are skin diseases?

Your skin is the large organ that covers and protects your body. Your skin has many functions. It works to:

Hold in fluid and prevent dehydration.

Help you feel sensations, such as temperature or pain.

Keep out bacteria, viruses and other causes of infection.

Stabilize your body temperature.

Synthesize (create) vitamin D in response to sun exposure.

Skin diseases include all conditions that clog, irritate or inflame your skin. Often, skin diseases cause rashes or other changes in your skin’s appearance.

What are the most common types of skin diseases?

Some skin diseases are minor. Others cause severe symptoms. Some of the most common skin diseases include:

Acne, blocked skin follicles that lead to oil, bacteria and dead skin buildup in your pores.

Alopecia areata, losing your hair in small patches.

Atopic dermatitis (eczema), dry, itchy skin that leads to swelling, cracking or scaliness.

Psoriasis, scaly skin that may swell or feel hot.

Raynaud’s phenomenon, periodic reduced blood flow to your fingers, toes or other body parts, causing numbness or skin color change.

Rosacea, flushed, thick skin and pimples, usually on the face.

Skin cancer, uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells.

Vitiligo, patches of skin that lose pigment.

What are some types of rare skin diseases?

Many rare skin diseases are genetic, meaning you inherit them. Some rare skin diseases include:

Actinic prurigo (AP), itchy rash in response to sun exposure.

Argyria, changes in skin color due to silver buildup in your body.

Chromhidrosis, colored sweat.

Epidermolysis bullosa, a connective tissue disorder that causes fragile skin that blisters and tears easily.

Harlequin ichthyosis, thick, hard patches or plates on the skin that are present at birth.

Lamellar ichthyosis, waxy skin layer that sheds in the first few weeks of life, revealing scaly, red skin.

Necrobiosis lipoidica, rash on the lower legs that can develop into ulcers (sores).

What causes skin diseases?

Certain lifestyle factors can lead to the development of a skin disease. Underlying health conditions may affect your skin, too. Common causes of skin diseases include:

Bacteria trapped in your pores or hair follicles.

Conditions that affect your thyroid, kidneys or immune system.

Contact with environmental triggers, such as allergens or another person’s skin.

Genetics

Fungus or parasites living on your skin.

Medications, such as the ones that treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Viruses.

Diabetes.

Sun.

What are the symptoms of skin diseases?

Skin disease symptoms vary significantly, depending on what condition you have. Skin changes are not always due to skin diseases. For example, you may get a blister from wearing ill-fitting shoes. However, when skin changes show up with no known cause, they may be linked to an underlying condition.

Generally, skin diseases may cause:

Discolored skin patches (abnormal pigmentation).

Dry skin.

Open sores, lesions or ulcers.

Peeling skin.

Rashes, possibly with itchiness or pain.

Red, white or pus-filled bumps.

Scaly or rough skin.

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Many skin diseases respond well to treatment. Depending on the condition, a dermatologist (doctor specializing in skin) or other healthcare provider may recommend:

Antibiotics.

Antihistamines.

Laser skin resurfacing.

Medicated creams, ointments or gels.

Moisturizers.

Oral medications (taken by mouth).

Steroid pills, creams or injections.

Surgical procedures.

You may also reduce symptoms of skin conditions by making lifestyle changes:

Avoid or limit certain foods, such as sugar or dairy, if your healthcare provider suggests it.

Manage stress.

Practice good hygiene, including proper skin care.

Avoid excessive alcohol use and smoking.